Centre dtudes nordiques CENclimate, ground temperature, ground water, lake ice, photographic data, microbiology, DNA, lemmingCEN studies geosystems and ecosystems terrestrial, freshwater and coastal in the changing Arctic. The CEN Network is composed of 9 research stations and over 110 automated climate stations, and extends across a 4000 km gradient of ecozones, from boreal forest to extreme polar desert environments in the Canadian High Arctic. To archive and disseminate environmental data from this network and from other Arctic research and monitoring activities, CEN has established Nordicana D www.cen.ulaval.ca/nordicanad, a formatted, peerreviewed, online data publication series. Produced only in electronic form, the data entries can be updated, and derived values daily, month and annual means are freely and openly accessible. Each volume is indexed via an assigned Digital Object Identifier DOI, which provides citation credit to the research group or individual. The volumes are crossreferenced in Polar Data Catalogue www.polardata.ca, and contain extensive metadata, photographic documentation, and citation details. To date, 28 data series have been published, ranging from 29 years of climate station data. The average weather we would expect over a long period of time seasons, years, decades. Climate varies from placetoplace across the Earth. Climate is determined by longterm over at least... station data, to multiyear data from transects of borehole and nearsurface ground temperatures, to groundwater monitoring, lake ice photographic data, microbiological DNA reference sequences, and lemming population monitoring data.Nordicana D . SLUwater chemistry, water discharge, water temperature, physical soil measurements, bedrock, carbon balance, greenhouse gas balance, atmospheric flux, spectral reflectance, atmospheric ozone, hydrologySvartberget research infrastructure includes multiple continuous monitoring sites. Continuous measurements of stream water chemistry, discharge and water temperature is performed at 16 catchments, ground water chemistry and physical soil and bedrock measurements are performed at several depths spanning from 10 centimetres down to 150 meters. Svartberget also has several installations for atmospheric flux and spectral reflectance measurements, including a 150 meter high tower equipped with sensors along the entire length. The study area includes the most intensively studied mire ecosystem on the northern hemisphere, with the worlds longest uninterrupted time series of carbon and greenhouse gas balance. Additionally, Svartberget has long data series for climate data and the station has a state of the art atmospheric ozone measurement site. Measurements of hydrology, climate, stream and soil water chemistry have been ongoing for over 30 years.Svartberget data portal . Natural Resources Institute Finlandfish species, fish population parameters, Lake Oulujrvi, longterm ecological research, shortterm ecological research Kainuu Fisheries Research Station KFRS offers over fourtyyearlong time series catch, cpue, size and age of the fish since 1974 of the most commonly caught fish species that have been collected from lake Oulujrvi surface area 928 km2 situated nearby the KFRS. The data has been processed to include, for example, the annual mean, median, and range of each species. In addition, water temperature and water quality data from the station is available as background information.Kolari Field site of Natural Resource Institute Finland offers access to metadata of long and short term ecological research data concerning boreal forests, subarctic flora and fauna and use of polar nature. Long term data consists of timberline studies and phenomenology of Northern Finland. Majority of the data has been processed and is ready for use. A registration is required to access the data. Metadata can be browsed directly at the Radar database.KFRS database . University of Turkumeteorological data, weather parameters, hydrological parameters, environmental variablesData from Kevo Subarctic Research institute is available on variety of parameters. Meteorological data from Utsjoki Kevo since 1962 and Utsjoki Kevojrvi since 2011 are provided by the Finnish Meteorological Institute. Some variables are directly available on station web page. Wider variety of daily weather parameters is also available by direct request from the Kevo station. Finnish Meteorological Institute has opened major part of its meteorological datasets for public use. A much larger set of variables can be found from there by registration. When used, these datasets must be accompanied by information on the original source FMI. Large set of hydrological water temperature, water level, discharge, ice breakup, snow depths, frost depth etc. and other environmental variables are available from the Finnish Environment Institutes open data service upon registration. This data web service is mainly available in Finnish language.KEVO database . Finnish Meteorological Institutesoil, snow, atmosphere, weather, road weather, sounding, radiation, methane, carbon dioxide, ozoneData available from the PallasSodankyl station can be accessed via local databases and includes: ground weather observations, soundings data, ozone vertical profile, stratospheric water vapour vertical profile, aerosol backscatter vertical profile, solar radiation observations, surface reflectance, reflected radiance 3502500 nm, temperature, humidity and wind speed profile, soil and snow observations, microwave observations, air chemistry observations, mast and ground measurements greenhouse gas columns: CO2, CH4, N2O, H2O, other gas columns: CO2, CH4, N2O, H2O, other gas columns: HF, CO, O2, FTS in the near IR region, airborne and deposited radioactivity, external radiation, aerosols, cloud camera, gases O3, SO2, NO2, CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, H2, CO, nitrate + nitric acid, ammonium + ammonia, heavy metals, mercury particulate, gaseous, volatile organic compounds, aerosols.database . ZAMGcryosphere, permafrost, biology, meteorology, air chemistry, aerosols, snow chemistry, snow depositionThe Sonnblick Observatory monitors data with the focus on cryosphere, permafrost, biology, meteorology, air chemistry, aerosols, snow chemistry and deposition. Observations of meteorological data started in 1886. The Sonnblick Observatory is part of the networks GTS, GAW, GCW, GTNP, LTER, BSRN, NDACC, ACTRIS, etc., hence the data can be find in different databases. To make it easier for research we are working on a data portal. The Sonnblick data portal will give an overview over all gathered data around the Sonnblick Observatory and allow the download of these data for the scientific use. Supported by INTERACT the data portal will be available in summer 2020. If you need data now and you cannot find them in the world databases, please contact the station manager of the Sonnblick Observatory via the Sonnblick database. . The link provided here for INTERACT Virtual Access leads you to Samoylov datasets in PANGAEA and in the database of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost GTNP. In the information system PANGAEA, which is operated as an Open Access library aimed at archiving, publishing and distributing georeferenced data from earth system research, you will find datasets starting from 2002 until one year before today. You can filter more than 230 data sets by Data Author, Year of Data Publication, Topic Research Discipline, Methods and Locations. The links to the GTNP Database provide permafrost boreholes temperature data at different depths since 2006 and the Seasonal Thaw Depth Active Layer data since 2002. The data from the Samoylov observatory are made available for virtual access via the databases on a yearly basis after their release by the Russian authorities and quality check by the responsible scientists.database . Data from Oulanka Research Station consist of a very large number of longterm data series sets on environmental variables. These consist mostly of physical measurements e.g. timing of freezing and thawing of River Oulankajoki, ground frost and snow depth measurements and water chemistry data e.g. rivers, lakes, ponds and streams but also some biological data sets e.g. small mammal and stream fish population studies. Data described above would be made available to researchers through VA. Some of the data require quite a bit of work to be extracted into a format that can be used by researchers. Finnish Meteorological Institute has opened major part of its meteorological datasets for public use. A large set of variables from Oulanka Research Station can be found from there by registration FMI Open Data.Longterm datasets . SMEAR I, atmospheric composition and processes, climate variables, physics, chemistry, biology, long term records,chemistry, biology, meteorology, forestry, longterm recordsSMEAR II Hyytil Forest Research Station. Smear research stations are to quantify the feedbacks between the atmospheric processes and changing functioning of biosphere in changing climate. Data include wide variety of variables related to the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, meteorology and forestry, many of those spanning as longterm records over several decades.The database of automated measurements offers quality controlled time series with brief explanation of metadata, as well as option to average the variables during the downloading process. Forestry parameters, including the metadata, are available via a separate database. . Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Aarhus University, University of Copenhagen, Asiaq Greenland Survey, National Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenlandbioparameters, climate parameters, geoparameters, marine parametersGreenland Ecosystem Monitoring GEM is an integrated monitoring and longterm research programme on ecosystems and climate change effects and feedbacks in the Arctic. Data collected via GEM at the stations Zackenberg Research Station, NuukBasic and Arctic Station is freely available and covers more than 3000 variables measured on a continuous basis spanning bio, climate, geo, glacio, and marine parameters. Metadata describing the data and links to specific manuals are included in the database or at the GEM homepage www.gem.dk.GEM database . Stockholm Universityglaciology, glacier mass balance, snow accumulation, water discharge, water chemistry, NDVI, monitoringTarfala Research Station monitors glacier mass balance seasonal measurements of snow accumulation and ablation on 5 glaciers; automatically recorde weather at 7 sites, measures river water discharge gauge, sonar and lake and river water chemistry, and NDVI at one site . Monitoring data can be openly accessed at: http://bolin.su.se/data/tarfala/. Glacier data is reported to World Glacier Monitoring Systemhttp://wgms.ch. Automatic weather stations data is made accessible via satellite link http://tarfala.insitu.seTarfala monitoring data . University of Innsbruckcryospheric parameters, atmospheric parameters, geomorphological parameters, ecological parameters, hydrological parameters A consortium of institutions monitors cryospheric, atmospheric, geomorphological, ecological and hydrological parameters and processes in the vicinity of Station Hintereis with particular attention to the complex topography and climate settings of the Alpine terrain. Data, publications and student theses arising from these studies is shared on a variety of platforms, and details of the available information and how to access it is provided in the Station Hintereis data webpage linked here.Link to the database. . Aurora Research Instituteresearch projects, metadata, research license information, Northwest TerritoriesThe Aurora Research Institute ARI maintains a collection of scientific research license information for studies conducted within the Northwest Territories NWT, Canada. ARI has developed the NWT Research Database to make this research licensing data publicly available. This database is a compilation of license information from various processes that have been in place for administering the NWT Scientists Act since 1974.NWT Research database . Yugra State Universityweather parameters, biological parameters, flora, fauna, fungi, ecological parametersThe data offered includes the Mukhrino weather station database , theYugra State University Biological Collection Database, the Yugra State University Biological Collection YSU BC homepage in GBIF, and the Mukhrino Field Station database in DEIMS Dynamic Ecological Information Management System. Three more databases are available upon request.MFS database . Measurements of vertical profile within atmospheric boundary and assessment of energy, radiation, mass fluxes and characteristics of the surface are given by CCT infrastructure. It has equipped with slow and fast response sensors, at different height deployed, for measuring the net radiation, the albedo, the meteo and micrometeo parameters, the snow layer parameters and gaseous fluxes CO2, CH4, H2O. The CCT 35 m agl high is unique in the Ny . NIBIObiodiversity, genetics, molecular ecology, ecology, tundra, arctic, freshwater, ecosystem, trophic levels, longterm monitoring, national park, climate change, wildlife forensics, met dataNIBIO Svanhovd has a strong focus on molecular ecological studies in the subarctic ecozones in northern Fennoscandia. Currently, VA includes downloadable genetic data sets of some of our study systems, like brown bear, lynx, and brown trout. . IGSOPASalpine, environment, meteorology, geomorphology, climatology, geoecology, cryology, longterm monitoring, Tatra Mountains., Poland, The virtual access provided includes meteorological data from M&MKapa Station, operated by the Institute of Geography and Spatial Organisation, Polish Academy of Sciences, as well as information on previous and current results and publications conducted at the station. Link to the data. . Swedish Polar Research Secretariatresearch, Abisko, metadata, longterm monitoring parametersA project database about projects that have taken place at Abisko Research Station, including metadata, is available at INTERACTGIS online system.Monitoring data are available by contacting the station ans@polar.se. In 2019, such monitoring data will be made available online.INTERACTGIS database . The portal is based on metadata harvesting from several organizations and sites with end points to real data on various topics on e.g. earth sciences and ecosystems. The number of datasets presented in the portal is growing day by day, including both near realtime observation datasets and unique historical, retrospective data digitized and provided for open access. . Virtual Access VA means free access to stations data and databases. Altogether 25 research stations located in the Arctic and northern forest and alpine areas offer INTERACT Virtual Access by 2023. INTERACT Virtual Access Single Entrypoint is a data portal that allows you to search and access data and information from the Arctic and beyond. . TSUweather, meteorology, glaciology, glacier The data offered includes the Kajbasovo weather station database, and Aktru weather station Slops database as well as the Aktru mountain glacial basin Malyi Small Aktru, Bolshoy Big Aktru and Vodopadniy database. Kajbasovo database . lesund, Svalbard is available for following installations: AmundsenNobile Climate Change Tower CCT, Gruvebadet Aerosol Laboratory GAL, Mooring Dirigibile Italia MDI. The VA is provided through the digital infrastructure of the Italian Arctic Data Centre. . lesund, Climate Change Tower, Kings fjord, water sediments, sea currents, sea temperature, mooring DI, aerosol, atmospheric gas concentration, turbulent fluxes, CO2, CH4, H2O. Data from CNR Arctic Station Dirigibile Italia, in Ny . lesund area. Aerosol measurements in air and in snow are collected at GAL, while marine measurements concerning dynamical, physical and chemical properties of waters of the Kings fjord are continuously recorded by MDI. . When using the data retrieved via Virtual Access data portal in publications, please acknowledge the partner/station/database providing the data and INTERACT Virtual Access under EUH2020 Grant Agreement No.871120. . SMEAR I Vrri SubArctic Research Station data comprises of biological, ecological and ecosystem variables, atmospheric, terrestrial and limnological variables and processes, meteorology etc. SMEAR database . expanding access to genetic and genomic data sets as they become available, link to meteorological data from the meteorological station at NIBIO Svanhovd, monitoring data sets as they become available. . When using the data retrieved via Virtual Access in publications, please acknowledge the Partner/station/database providing the data and INTERACT Virtual Access under EUH2020 Grant Agreement No.871120. . Below you can find a listing of the INTERACT partners that offered Virtual Access in INTERACT II 20162020, including a description of the data or database available and a link to it. . If you are interested in data sets that are not yet available on the website, contact cornelya.klutsch@nibio.no to check whether the data are obtainable. . Copyright 2017 Interact International Network for Terrestrial Research and Monitoring in the Arctic . CNRAtmospheric profile, snow height, radiation budget, albedo, soil and snow temperature, Ny . University of HelsinkiSMEAR II, atmospheric processes, climate parameters, physics, . Partner KeywordsDescription of the VA offeredLink to the data/database . Visit the new INTERACT VA Single Entrypoint data portal at . Watch the promotional video on INTERACT YouTube channel . Alfred Wegener Institutepermafrost temperatures, . Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost GTNP, . Permits and regulations for arctic fieldwork . INTERACT goals, societal challenges and TA . Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring CALM, . University of Oulunational park, ecology, . Sonnblick historical meteorological Data . Station Managers Forum Publications . Sonnblick Precipitation Chemistry . thermal state of permafrost TSP, . INTERACT Online Outreach Course . World Glacier Monitoring System . INTERACT presentation material . INTERACT Educational Resources . Automatic weather station data . Future updates will include: . Meeting Minutes INTERACT III . TA/RA Data Protection Policy . Met Data from Pasvik Region . Meeting Minutes INTERACT II . Transport and communication . Presentations INTERACT III . Italian Arctic Data Centre . Presentations INTERACT II . Deliverables INTERACT III . eLibrary / Info Materials . Raising Arctic Awareness . Sonnblick Greenhous Gases . Virtual Access INTERACT . Deliverables INTERACT II . Newsletters INTERACT III . Sonnblick radiation data . Newsletters INTERACT II . Services . Station Managers Forum . Portals . Accessing the Arctic . Meetings INTERACT III . Arctic Research Blogs . Sonnblick Online data . Accessing the Arctic . Meetings INTERACT II . Sonnblick NDACC data . Link to the datasets . Info to User Groups . Sonnblick BSRN data . Menu . Managing stations . Coping with Change . INTERACT in Media . TA User Community . Sonnblick UV data . RADAR database . . FMI Open Data . SMEAR I data . Virtual Access VA . INTERACT Virtual Access . INTERACT VA Single Entrypoint . The CEN Network . Digital Object Identifier . University of Copenhagen . National Geological Survey . Denmark and Greenlandbioparameters . Zackenberg Research Station . Aurora Research Instituteresearch . Northwest TerritoriesThe Aurora Research Institute . the Northwest Territories NWT . the NWT Research Database . Natural Resources Institute . Kainuu Fisheries Research Station KFRS . Natural Resource Institute Finland . Finnish Meteorological Institutesoil . University of HelsinkiSMEAR II . recordsSMEAR II Hyytil Forest Research Station . SMEAR I Vrri SubArctic Research Station . University of Turkumeteorological . Kevo Subarctic Research institute . the Finnish Meteorological Institute . Finnish Meteorological Institute . the Finnish Environment Institutes . State University Biological Collection Database . the Yugra State University Biological Collection YSU BC . DEIMS Dynamic Ecological Information Management System . Alfred Wegener Institutepermafrost . Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring CALM . Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost GTNP . the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost GTNP . the Seasonal Thaw Depth Active Layer . Swedish Polar Research Secretariatresearch . Abisko Research Station . monitoringTarfala Research Station . World Glacier Monitoring System . the Sonnblick Observatory . Sonnblick Precipitation Chemistry . University of Oulunational . Data from Oulanka Research Station . Oulanka Research Station . University of Innsbruckcryospheric . the Institute of Geography and Spatial Organisation . Polish Academy of Sciences . Climate Change Tower . CNR Arctic Station Dirigibile Italia . AmundsenNobile Climate Change Tower . Gruvebadet Aerosol Laboratory GAL . Mooring Dirigibile Italia MDI . the Italian Arctic Data Centre . Italian Arctic Data Centre . Bolshoy Big Aktru . Interact International Network for Terrestrial Research and Monitoring .

The infrastructure is a single multidisciplinary observatory mooring located in the Western Mediterranean Sea with realtime and delayed mode capability. The W1M3A observing system is composed of a large spare buoy and a subsurface mooring. The spar buoy was specifically designed for airsea interaction studies and the collection of meteorological data even in rough seas. Stability is the basic feature of this type of buoy with respect to the other more classical approaches based on discusshaped buoys. The buoy is a stable measuring platform since its total mass, the unity buoyancy at the sea level, and presence of a damping disk allow for negligible sensitivity of the waves. The overall structure is 51meterlong with a dryweight of about 12 tons. The observatory is permanently moored on the seabed through a 2000 m long slack polypropylene mooring cable terminated by ship chains and an anchor. The buoy spans a watch circle of 3 km of diameter to sustain ocean currents, winds, and waves. The pole emerges about 15 meters above sea level, whereas the remaining 36 meters remain submerged. On the upper mast, the meteorological instruments are installed. At about 7 meter above the mean sea level, a small closed space hosts the electronic systems for data collection. Along the underwater pole, at several depths, instruments are deployed. All electronic systems and most sensors are powered by a wind/solar system that recharges two separate batteries. Acquired data are stored onboard but a subset of the data is transmitted ashore through a satellite link. The subsurface mooring is a standard oceanographic mooring composed of pieces of Kevlar rope with floats kept in position by a ballast on the sea bottom which can be detached using a pair of acoustic releasers. Along the mooring line, several CTDs are deployed at different depths. The observatory is located in the more inland basin of the Mediterranean Sea: in this area, the particular orographic constraints and the thermal contrast between land and sea give rise to specific local effects that influence the general circulation of both atmosphere and ocean. The area is also part of the Pelagos Sanctuary for Mediterranean Marine Mammals that is a special marine protected area extending about 90.000 km2 between Italy, France and the Island of Sardinia. With respect to the overall Mediterranean basin, this area is characterized by very high levels of primary productivity, caused by the interplay of oceanographic, climatic and geomorphological factors. Two main currents, one flowing north along Corsica and the other along the coast of Tuscany, join at the center of the basin giving rise to a quasipermanent cyclonic current that partially turns towards west flowing along the coast of Liguria and mainland France. This flow acts as a boundary between coastal and offshore waters and noteworthy biological activity is generated along this front. Northwesterly winds provoke vertical mixing and coastal upwellings, also lifting up from the deep waters nutrients and organic substances into the euphotic zone. High levels of primary production support a conspicuous biomass of highly diversified zooplankton fauna, that, in turn, attract to the area various levels of predators, mammals included. . The EMSO Regional Facility for the South Adriatic Sea includes two sites, namely the South Adriatic Pit observatory E2M3A and the Shelfslope observatory site BB and FF located in the Western part of the basin. The E2M3A site is a two mooring system where the main one hosts the surface buoy instrumented with meteorological station and radiometers to collect airsea interaction measurements, sensors for physical temperature and salinity and biochemical oxygen, partial CO2 and pH parameters distributed in the mixed layer, telemetry and services. The surface buoy collects the acquired data and transmits them in real time to the online server. The secondary mooring line houses an instrumental chain with sensors at different depths for physical and chemical measurements from the seafloor to the intermediate layer. Each of the BB and FF moorings consists of a single mooring of about 100 m that measures physical and geochemical parameters and have the role of intercepting the passage of North Adriatic Dense Water NAdDW, which forms during the winter between Trieste and Ancona, as it sinks. . The station is located 24 nautical miles north of the island of Crete anchored at a depth of 1,400 meters and it has been part of the POSEIDON network since 2007. The Cretan Sea is an area of intermediate and/or deepwater formation dominated by multiple scale circulation patterns and intense mesoscale variability. Such areas of water formation are key locations for monitoring of the Mediterranean biochemical functioning. The wintertime convective mixing of the water column and the exchanges of water and mass diluted, suspended or nearbed with the adjacent Levantine and Ionian Seas through the straits of the Cretan Arc, make the Cretan Sea the poorer in nutrients and the richer in oxygen among the principal basins of the Mediterranean Sea. The mooring is currently the most developed physicalbiogeochemical observing site of the POSEIDON system collecting CTD data down to 1000m, Chla, DO and turbidity data for the first 100m of the water column while the recent addition of surface pH and pCO2 sensors further expanded the biochemical component of the station. . Mobilis DB8000 buoys are currently in use for testing and validating a range of novel sensors and to efficiently gather metocean time series data. The buoys can host a variety of communications protocols to shore including; GPRS, Satellite, VHF, Wimax, GSM, 3G and WiFi. These services allow simple highspeed backhaul connectivity for devices located in, or near the test site. The buoys 3G HPSA+ communications include download speeds up to 21Mbps, and uploads speeds up to 5.76Mbps, taking advantage of nearby next generation mobile sites. Buoys can have single, bridle, or multipoint moorings through the hull compartment facilitating diverse and easily adaptable deployment solutions depending on user specific requirements. The data buoys allow for the trial and validation of a variety of sensors and can generate autonomous power including Solar PV and Wind Power harvesting to power multiple sensor payloads . The SmartBay observatory is a cabled observatory which has been operational since 2015 in Galway Bay. The observatory includes a fiber optic data and power cable which provides connectivity to a subsea sensor hosting platform. The subsea platform includes 17 electrical input/output science ports, 4 hybrid input/output optical ports and one coaxial port. The science ports can deliver 75W at different combinations of 12, 15, 24V DC with either serial or ethernet communication protocols up to 100 Mbps to scientific instruments. Instruments can be deployed and recovered on the science ports year round. The observatory includes a number of permanent instruments which are used to monitor background environmental parameters and against which new and novel sensors can be tested. The permanent or core suite of sensors deployed on the SmartBay observatory includes: . The Western Ionian Sea site is located in the central Mediterranean basin, Eastern Sicily Island Southern Italy. It is based on infrastructures developed over the last decades and undergoes continuous enhancements. The area is prone to numerous natural hazard issues due to high seismicity and the presence of Etna Volcano, which is one of the largest active subareal volcano in European continent and it is positioned on the subduction plate. The area is strategically relevant also for the oceanographic circulation between the Eastern and Western Mediterranean Sea through the Messina Strait and the Sicily Channel. Moreover, the position is a key site for analyzing the mechanism governing the Ionian dynamics and so on its role in the general eastern Mediterranean circulation pattern. . The call is open from January 16th to December 31st 2023, proposals can be sent anytime and will be evaluated in six cutoff dates: February 28th , April 30th, June 30th , August 31st, October 31st and December 31st . The period of access needs to be discussed with the chosen regional facility. Depending on the nature of the experiment it can be days, weeks or months and can be performed in 2023 and 2024. The project starting date and kickoff meeting must be within 8 months of the cutoff deadline it is submitted to. For a clear view of the process, from Letter of Intent to Project Execution, please consult the chart at the bottom of this page. The physical access contact point is available for questions regarding the call. You can send an email tophysicalaccess@emsoeu.org. . SmartBay is Irelands national marine test and demonstration facility for the development of innovative products and services for the global maritime sector. The test site is located 4.5km east of Spiddal in County Galway approximately 1.5km offshore in 25m water depths. The test site is suitable for developers wishing to undertake lowcost sea trials and validation of sensors, devices, advanced marine technologies and components at various technology readiness levels. The facility consists of a fully licenced test site for ocean energy devices, fully characterised wave climate, comprehensive timeseries of weather, wave and current data for the site, proximity to ports and associated facilities . Evaluation of received proposals will start after the cutoff date. Two months is the expected time needed to evaluate all proposals. If two successful proposals require funding whether in Access Units or direct funding for operations, shipping, consumables or travel and the funding only can cover one of them, the one with the highest score will be granted. If the score of the proposals is equal, the proposal with thehighest percentage of womenin the team will beprioritized. If this criterion is not sufficient to select between two equal score proposals, priority will be given in the following order: SMEs, then large companies and lastly research centres and universities. . EMSO physical access coordinator will have the evaluation results in two months after the cutoff date. If the evaluation fulfils the thresholds, the project will have the green light to be executed unless other projects being evaluated during the same intermediate call have a higher score and, due to budget constraints, make the lower rated projects unfundable. If this is the case, projects can enter the next intermediate call without the need to be evaluated again, but will need to compete again with the new incoming proposals. Another way to be able to carry out the project in the same call is the user providing the funding necessary to complete the available budget. . A three party written contract or agreement between the Access Provider or host facility, the End User or applicant and the Call Coordinator or EMSO ERIC will delineate the actions to be undertaken, the resources that will need to be allocated, the length of planned user stays if any, and the period of use. It will also define the rights and obligations of all the Parties involved, including data sharing and eventual provisions for early termination of the conferred access. It will also clearly define the Intellectual Property Rights policy in case the project yields a patent or a commercial product. . The CCMAR infrastructure is based on current offtheshelf stateoftheart technologies in order to target low cost observational systems in terms of acquisition, deployment, operation, and maintenance. First pilot deployments were made in 2021 and 2022, from late May to early October. Main scientific goals are: Longterm variability of the upper ocean structure thermocline, mixed layer, stratification; mesoscale activity related to Upwelling and Coastal Counter Currents; Mediterranean outflow/inflow signal; Improving the regional numerical model parametrization. . This is a unique opportunity for scientists and research engineers to avail of highquality, interlinked instrumented platforms operating in open ocean for carrying out research and/or testing activities. Regional Facilities engineers and scientists can also provide training and codevelopment to users interested in learning specialised techniques/methodologies and developing new products, taking advantage of years of experience gathered at EMSO Facilities labs. Tailored data collection by the Facilities instruments is another service that may be provided. . The Modality of Access MoA 3a defined above is taken as 1 AU. The other modalities are multipliers of that depending on the workload they represent, which can vary among Facilities. Access Units will be used internally within EMSO and will give an idea of the effort provided by the Regional Facility throughout the call. They will also be used to provide the applicant an idea of the availability of the host Facility. An access project can be composed of different kind of access modalities; this will be detailed when writing the project proposal. . The contract will involve the Access Provider or host Facility, the End User or applicant and the Call Coordinator or EMSO ERIC. It will define the relationship among the three parties involved and will need to be signed before the project is executed. It will be written tailored to each project and will define the rights and obligations of each party. Clauses will be written regarding infrastructure use, insurances, access documentation, safety, performance, force majeure project cancellation, intellectual property and other topics. . Once a cutoff date is reached, all received project proposals will be sent to an Evaluation Panel. The panel will be formed of experts in the proposed topics and will set its own functioning rules to evaluate the proposals, always having in mind the established evaluation criteria to rank the proposals. To avoid conflict of interest, the experts will not belong to any of the facilities participating as hosts in the intermediate call. The evaluation criteria can be found in the project proposal form and in the Access Rules tab. . About usWhat is EMSOOrganizationProjectsDocumentsInternational collaborationObservatoryOverviewRegional facilities mapRegional facilities profilesDataData PortalAPIERDDAPVirtual Research EnvironmentScienceStudying the oceansMarine ecosystemClimate changeGeo hazardTechnological challengeInnovation & IndustryInnovation: Vision and MissionCollaboration with IndustryServicesList of servicesPhysical accessTrainingTraining eventsWebinarsUpdatesNews & EventsNewslettersCalendarRecruitmentCalls for proposalsSIGN UP . OBSEA is a cabled seafloor observatory located in front of Vilanova i la Geltru coast in a fishing protected area. A 5km of electrooptical cable and a telephony network wireless link are connecting the observatory to the land station providing energy and communications. The main objective of this site located at Western Mediterranean is to be a test bed for the development of oceanographic instrumentation while being a shallowwater observatory providing real time data and database with historical values. . The map below shows the seven Facilities providing access in this 2023 Call. Each Facility has its particular features as they are operated by different institutions and their goals are diverse. Therefore it is advisable for the potential user to read the Facility information prior to sending the Letter of Intent. If specific technical information is needed to better identify the Facility that best suits the applicant needs, the contacts provided for each Facility will gladly advise the potential user. . Research centres, universities, small and mediumsized enterprises SMEs and large companies are eligible to benefit from access to EMSO facilities. A single PI, researcher, PhD student or research engineer is also eligible to participate in the programme. There is no restriction regarding the country of origin of the user. This programme tries to foster international partnerships and exchange and therefore international collaboration is taken into account and enforced in the evaluation criteria. . The host facility manager will help the applicant in order to adjust the experiment to the facility features and also will be the link to the EMSO Physical Access contact point. He or she will intervene in the proposal writing also in terms of adjusting the work plan and the budget, whether it is in Access Units Regional Facility use time or in monetary support provided by EMSO ERIC. None of those are unlimited and the applicant will have to take the budgetary constraints into account. . The objective of this call is to offer physical access to EMSO Facilities where users devices can be installed, including sensors, instruments, systems, new technologies and where new procedures/experiments can be tested/take place. The set of Regional Facilities offered for access provides the broadest scientific and technological capabilities to future users. In 2023, seven Facilities are available up from four last year, two at the Atlantic Ocean and five at the Mediterranean Sea. . The facilities will contribute to the current call through Access Units AU. The quantity of AU includes preparatory work, installation, operation of the instruments, and uninstalling. If the access entails training or codevelopment, AU will also be provided. The amount of Access Units available and their monetary equivalent will be provided to the applicant before the elaboration of the Project Proposal and after sending the Letter of Intent. . Interested users can request access to EMSO infrastructures and installations. They will be provided with technical assistance and ancillary data that may be necessary to their work. Visitors and projects will be selected on the basis of the scientific and technical quality and novelty of the proposed activities. The capability to transfer the research performed in the project to the industry will also be valued. . The interested applicant needs to fill out a letter of intent and send it to the EMSO physical access dedicated email. In this letter, the applicant formalises the interest to participate in the EMSO physical access programme and provides a one page project proposal. EMSO will treat the information in a totally confidential manner and will by no means distribute or publicise the applicants ideas and proposals. . The managers of the regional facilities selected by the applicant will be contacted by the order of preference provided by the applicant and shown the one page project proposal. The available facility manager will contact the applicant to prepare the project proposal. If the one page proposal is seen as unfeasible by the facility managers, the applicant will be contacted and asked to reformulate the proposal. . The 2023 call is currently open and applications can be submitted until December 31st, 2023. There are six cutoff dates in which proposals received before their deadlines will be evaluated and, if positive, given green light for execution on the programmed dates. Please check the selected regional facility special requirements, provided services, availability, costs and operational constraints. . If the project is entirely or partially funded by EMSO ERIC, the data and knowhow derived from it will be made available to the public through journal publications, specialised congress presentations and the EMSO ERIC data portal. If a patent or commercial product is to be obtained, the intellectual property rights IPR will be negotiated at the time of signing the access contract. . Once the contract is signed, the project can start following the work plan. The user will be given guidelines on administrative matters, especially those concerning monetary refunds due to travel and consumables costs. The project will be executed taking into account the contract clauses and any deviation from them will need to be reported and, if needed, renegotiated. . SmartBay is Irelands national marine test site and observatory that provides continuous oceanographic and environmental data in nearreal time. It hosts three types of infrastructure: an openwater test site, a surface data buoy, and a subsea cabled observatory. These facilities can be accessed by users to test innovative and novel marine technologies and sensors. . Vertical profiler Wirewalker: wave powered profiler that is in continuous movement ~5 profiles per hour from 150 m to 0 m depth, equipped with different sensors that allow a 6month uninterrupted operation at 2 Hz sampling frequencies. Measured parameters are conductivity, temperature, pressure depth, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, and turbidity. . Each Regional Facility can host projects for a maximum amount of direct funding equal to 11.000 EUR for 2023. The December cutoff date, however, will allow projects to Regional Facilities that have used all their available annual direct funding, giving them the possibility to host another project with direct funding of up to 11.000 EUR. . The total direct funding available for 2023 is 75.000 EUR, which will be distributed evenly among the six cutoff dates. The unused funding of a cutoff date will be distributed evenly among the remaining 2023 cutoff dates. This way EMSO ERIC makes sure to have available funds throughout the year to fund incoming project proposals. . The applicant will fill in the project proposal form once a host facility has been appointed. This will be a more detailed document in which the applicant will expose its knowhow, ideas, work plan and budget for the execution of the project. This is the document that will be reviewed and evaluated by the Evaluation Panel. . However, being rejected with a successful proposal does not mean the project will not take place. EMSO ERIC will talk to the applicant in order to find a way to execute the project; maybe on some other dates by joining the Waiting List or giving the chance to the user to provide the missing funds to execute the project. . Funding consists in Facility Access Units days of usage and economic support for operations, travel, shipping and consumables. This economic support amounts to 75000 euros for all projects in 2023 and will be distributed evenly among the six cutoff dates. This 2023 call is expected to fund a minimum of seven projects. . If the proposals budget exceeds the Facilitys capacity in terms of direct funding, either because the single proposal needs more than 11.000 EUR or because the Facility hosted other projects with funding support in 2023, the user shall cover the costs of its project or adapt the projects budget to the available funds. . Under the Facility Description tab, every available Regional Facility displays the Modality of Access it can provide to potential users. The Regional Facility provides these AU for free inkind to the users. Information on the available free AU can also be found in the Facility Description tab. . A user or a user group shall be given access to an infrastructure listed in this call to test an instrument, technology or to collect data and samples. The access project can include a part involving codevelopment or training on specific technologies/methodologies at the host institution. . A successful proposal is a proposal that is evaluated by the Evaluation Panel and which fulfils all the thresholds. EMSO ERIC is interested in the execution of all successful proposals and mechanisms are foreseen in case there is no funding available for all of them at the same time. . The EMSO Facilities offered for physical access provide a unique opportunity for scientists and engineers to avail of highquality, interlinked instrumented infrastructures operating in coastal and/or openocean observatories for carrying out research and/or testing activities. . If users do not require any funding from EMSO to carry out the project, neither in monetary support nor Access Units, access will be granted, provided that the Evaluation Panel scores fulfil the minimum thresholds and that the Facility has available Access Units. . Operational constraints: The physical access is available at the shore station for connection to optical fibers of the submarine cable. User equipment must comply with EU regulation. Access to shore station must be authorised by the director of INFNLNS . Welcome to the second EMSO ERIC call for physical access to the Regional Facilities, an initiative started in 2022 as a pilot call. This year the number of available facilities and total budget has increased, providing more options for the applicants. . If the project is entirely funded by the user, the user will keep the IPR and all knowledge derived from the project. EMSO ERIC will have the right to publicise the project main features through its website and social media channels. . Quality of the methodology and implementation: clarity, adequacy in relation to set objectives, work plan, adequacy with the infrastructure incl. e.g. prior scientific, technical or logistical arrangements, risk table 3 pages . International collaboration. 4 points if the user is from a different country than that of the access provider. 3 points if the user group is multinational i.e. members working in entities from two or more countries. . Horizontal wind speed, gust wind speed, wind direction relative to true North, air temperature in dry bulb, relative humidity, total incoming radiation, hourly precipitation rate, longwave incoming radiation 10m asl. . All material for responding to the call and requesting access will be made available through this website section: Application Steps, Application Rules, Available Facilities, Letter of Intent, Project Proposal Form. . MoA 3a Access for hosting and monitoring of one or more sensors or the exclusive use of one or more of the Facilitys sensors for the experiment. The user is present at the Facilitys lab/site/cruise. . 1 an onshore station, hosted in the INFN LNS ancillary laboratory in the Catania Harbour, where the realtime acquisition and power feeding system of the marine infrastructure components are located. . The user will be informed in advance of the Regional Facility availability in terms of direct funding and Access Units after sending the Letter of Intent and before preparing the Project Proposal. . The following criteria will be used to evaluate the proposals. Thresholds need to be achieved for four of the five criteria and a minimum threshold of 30 points is needed for the total score. . The CCMAR infrastructure is subdivided in two independent mooring systems, configured in order to acquire a continuous and very detailed dataset of the first 150 m of the ocean water column: . The maximum amount of direct funding per project proposal is 11.000 EUR, of which a maximum of 4.000 EUR can be used for travel of members of the user team or host facility personnel. . Bonus points. Links or potential for seeding links with European Industry for Research Institutions or Innovation and potential new products or patents for SMEs and Industries 1 page . In the event that the user needs more AU than those provided for free by the Regional Facility, the user will have to fund the additional AU needed to run the project. . The station is located 24 nautical miles north of the island of Crete, anchored at a depth of 1,500 meters, and it has been part of the POSEIDON network since 2007. . 3 two cable termination frames equipped with electro optical ROV mateable connectors. The south termination is managed by INFN. The north branch is managed by INGV. . MoA 1a Access that contemplates the hosting and monitoring of one or more sensors or the exclusive use of one or more of the Facilitys sensors for the experiment. . Operational safety e.g. collision hazards, fishing is assured by an insured exclusion area TUPEM, of roughly 500 m by 500 m, that is identified in nautical charts . MoA 2 Partially remote: the presence of the user or user group is required at some stage. The project will be composed of MoA1 and MoA3 Access Units. . The EMSOLink project has received funding from the European Unions Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under Grant agreement No. 731036 . Sea station buoy: Air temperature and pressure, wind speed and direction. Additional measures are platform GPS position, orientation and attitude . SmartBay is Irelands national marine test site and observatory that provides continuous oceanographic and environmental data in nearreal time. . 2 a Y shaped main electro opticalcable from the onshore station to two cable termination frames at 2100m depth, about 28 km off the coast. . Seafloor: Historical data of temperature, conductivity, pressure, sea current velocity, turbidity, magnetic field, acoustics, seismics. . Scientific and technical objectives Potential interest for the EMSO community, Originality and innovation, European relevance 2 pages . Atmosphere: Wind speed and direction, relative humidity, air temperature, sea temperature, atmospheric pressure, solar radiation . Temperature, conductivity, pressure, dissolved oxygen, chla, turbidity, current velocity vertical profiler from 0 to 150m depth . Aside from Access Units, EMSO ERIC will provide direct funding to cover expenses related to the following costs categories: . Costs and Funding: EMSO provides 100% funding of Access Units and up to 11000 of funding, of which up to 4000 for travel. . Access Provider: National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics OGS, Istituto di Scienze Polari ISP CNR, Italy . Costs and Funding: EMSO provides 100% funding of Access Units and up to 11000 of funding, of which up to 4000 for travel . Atmosphere: Air temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, wind speed/direction, gust wind speed/direction 3m asl . Intermediate Call Participation: February 28th, April 30th, June 30th, August 31st, October 31st and December 31st . Subsurface buoy: installed at 150 m depth, equipped with an upward facing Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler ADCP. . The evaluation of project proposals will be performed every two months and the selected ones will be funded. . The Access Units AU needed to execute the project are defined as units of access to the Regional Facility. . MoA 3b Access for codeveloping/training onsite with a host expert. It does not include sensor hosting. . Temperature, electrical conductivity, salinity, fluorescence Chla, turbidity, pCO2, sound, video 25m . Intermediate Call Participation: April 30th, June 30th, August 31st, October 31st and December 31st . Logistical, technological and scientific support for all components; including boat and divers. . Access Provider: Hellenic Centre for Marine Research HCMR, / Institute of Oceanography, Greece . Operational constraints: Full mooring deployment and recovery dependent on ship availability. . Water column: Temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, currents, sediment trap . CCMAR moorings are installed 10 nm south of Sagres, Portugal, with anchors at 200 m depth. . Contact: Roberto Bozzano roberto.bozzanoATcnrDOTit, Sara Pensieri sara.pensieriATcnrDOTit . Predeployment testing on a dedicated, custombuilt test rig to simulate subsea conditions . MoA 1b Access for codeveloping/training remotely and having virtual access to the lab. . Intermediate Call Participation: June 30th, August 31st, October 31st and December 31st . Land station: Air temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed and direction and rain. . Electrooptical subsea cable from shore lab port of Catania, East Sicily to deep sea . Electro optical cable access only to fiberbased measurement is available at present . In particular, financial support can be provided through the following mechanisms: . OceanAir interface: Temperature, salinity, oxygen, pCO2, pH, fluorescence 2m, 15m . Seafloor: Temperature, salinity, depth, sound, seafloor acceleration, video 20m . The chosen Facility manager will get back to you to prepare a Project Proposal . Signed application forms should be sent in PDF to physicalaccessATemsoeuDOTorg . Consumables such as batteries, sensor calibrations, communications or others. . MoA 3 Inperson handson: the presence of the user or user group is required . Surface buoy atmospheric, airsea interface, water column down to 40m depth . New installed equipment control and data available in nearrealtime ashore. . APPLICATION STEPSAPPLICATION RULESFACILITIES DESCRIPTIONAPPLICATION STEPS . Temperature, electrical conductivity, practical salinity different depths . Nearrealtime data visualization and download available from CNR website . Intermediate Call Participation: April 30th, June 30th and August 31st . Atmospheric pressure, air temperature, wind speed and direction 3m asl . MoA 1 Remote: the presence of the user or user group is not required . Logistical, technological and scientific support for all components. . EMSO ERIC will provide financial support for the current 2023 call. . Logistical, technological and scientific support for all components . Counting room with IT equipment and high speed internet connection . Next deadline to submit a Project Proposal is February 28th 2023. . OceanAir interface: Wave height/direction, Currents, pH, pCO2 0m . Turbidity, pCO2, dissolved oxygen, chlorophylla fluorescence 6m . Special cables development to connect specific instrumentation . Water column: Acoustic wave and current Doppler profiler 020m . Intermediate Call Participation: August 31st and October 31st . MoA3a: In Person Access at Lab or Cruise with Sensor Hosting . Modality of Access MoA can be of the three following types: . Shipping of equipment necessary to carry out the experiment . Access Provider: Universitat Politcnica de Catalunya, Spain . Devices can be deployed at 20m depth or at the surface buoy . Training. Logistical, technological and scientific support. . Electronic lab and workshop labs available to adapt parts. . Support for real time communication with your deployment . Prioritisation of successful proposals with equal score . About 40 nm off the coast, southward from Genoa, Italy. . Send the proposal to EMSO ERIC and wait for evaluation . Scientific/technical excellence of user group 2 pages . Custom LabVIEW applications and PHP for web generation . Acoustic modems for underwater wireless communications . Nearreal time data visualization on online data portal . MoA3b: In Person Access at Lab or Cruise for training . Access Provider: National Research Council CNR, Italy . Turbidity, Fluorescence Chla, DO 20m, 50m, 75m, 100m . Remote management of instruments via VPN connections . Contact: Joaquin del Rio joaquin.del.rioATupcDOTedu . Contact: Davide Embriaco davide.embriacoATingvDOTit . Contact: Conall OMalley conall.omalleyATmarineDOTie . In front of Vilanova i la Geltr, Barcelona, Spain . ContactsPress releasesTerms of usePrivacy Policy . The station is located in the South Adriatic Sea . Contact: George PETIHAKIS gpetihakisAThcmrDOTgr . Our team can develop custom instruments drivers . Data curation acquisition, validation, storage . OceanAir interface: Sea surface temperature 0m . ICT team for data acquisition and transmission . Evaluation Criteria & maximum number of pages . Mooring line from 150 m depth to 180 m depth . Contact: Vanessa Cardin vcardinATinogsDOTit . Access Provider: Marine Institute, Ireland . Combined Turbidity and Fluorescence sensor . MoA1a: Remote Access with Sensor Hosting . Surface buoy with 1000m conductive cable . 2. OBSEA Expandable Seafloor Observatory . Contact: Carlos Sousa cssousaATualgDOTpt . Send to EMSO ERIC this Letter of Intent . Partial pressure of Carbon Dioxide pCO2 . 30 Subsurface buoy frame at 150 m depth . ACCESS TO THE INFRASTRUCTURE 2023 CALL . Spectral wave data, surface current 0m . Operational testing area in open ocean . Description of the infrastructure: . Access Provider: INGV, INFN , Italy . Conductivity, Temperature and Depth . Available Daily Access to Facility . Description of the infrastructure: . The infrastructure is composed of: . Logistical and operational support . Logistical and scientific support. . Sign contract and execute project . Description of the infrastructure . Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler . Mooring line down to 1000m depth . PTZ high definition video camera . Access Provider: CCMAR, Portugal . Other capabilities and services . Coastal cabled Seafloor station . Additional standalone moorings . 4. Western Mediterranean W1M3A . Operational constraints: None . Intellectual Property Rights . 1. Cretan Sea Poseidon E1M3A . Vertical profiler Wirewalker . Atmospheric pressure 8m asl . Hyperbaric test facilities . 3. Southern Adriatic E2M3A . Integration and test hall . Subsea Cabled Observatory . High frequency hydrophone . Subsea cabled observatory . Host facility assignment . 2. Direct Funding: . Seafloor: Sediment trap . Wide angle video camera . Joint project proposal . MoA1b: Remote training . Mooring Line with ADCP . Currents profile 0150m . Physical access EMSO . 1. Access Units: . Water sample analysis . 5. Western Ionian Sea . Currents profile 025m . Hosting components: . Dissolved oxygen 1m . Modality of access . Small Surface buoy . Letter of intent . Skip to content . 3 mooring lines . HOW TO PROCEED . eventsWebinarsUpdatesNews & EventsNewslettersCalendarRecruitmentCalls . the Regional Facilities . Facility Access Units . Application Steps, Application Rules . Letter of Intent . this Letter of Intent . Letter of Intent to Project Execution . the Evaluation Panel . Access Units Regional Facility . the Access Provider . the Call Coordinator . the Intellectual Property Rights . Modality of Access MoA . MoA 1a Access . MoA 1b Access . MoA 2 Partially . MoA 3 Inperson . MoA 3a Access . MoA 3b Access . the Regional Facility . The Modality of Access MoA . the Modality of Access . The Regional Facility . the Letter of Intent . Each Regional Facility . Evaluation Criteria & . European Industry for Research Institutions . Institute of Oceanography . Intermediate Call Participation . Available Daily Access . Southern Adriatic E2M3A . National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics . Istituto di Scienze Polari ISP CNR . North Adriatic Dense Water . Western Mediterranean W1M3A . National Research Council CNR . Mediterranean Marine Mammals . the Sicily Channel . Coastal Counter Currents . the European Unions Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation .

Abstract: Abstract Sphagnum mosses are keystone species in northern peatlands. Notably, they play an important role in peatland carbon C cycling by regulating the composition and activity of microbial communities. However, it remains unclear whether information on Sphagnum phylogeny and/or traitsbased composition i.e. anatomical and morphological traits and metabolites can be used to predict the structure of microbial communities and their functioning. Here we evaluated whether Sphagnum phylogeny and traits predict additional variation in peatland microbial community composition and functioning beyond what would be predicted from environmental characteristics i.e. climatic and edaphic conditions. We collected Sphagnum and microbial data from five European peatlands distributed along a latitudinal gradient from northern Sweden to southern France. These data allowed us to assess Sphagnum anatomical and morphological traits and metabolites at different sites along changing environmental conditions. Using structural equation modelling SEM and phylogenetic distance analyses, we investigated the role of Sphagnum traits in shaping microbial community composition and functioning along with environmental conditions. We show that microbial community composition and traits varied independently from both Sphagnum phylogeny and the latitudinal gradient. Specifically, the addition of Sphagnum traits to climatic and edaphic variables to the SEM allowed it to explain a larger proportion of the explained variance R2. This observation was most apparent for the biomass of decomposers +42% and phototrophs +19%, as well as for growth yield microbial traits +10%. As such, that Sphagnum metabolites were important drivers for microbial community structure and traits, while Sphagnum anatomical and morphological traits were poor predictors. Synthesis. Our results highlight that Sphagnum metabolites are more likely to influence peatland microbial food web structure and functioning than Sphagnum anatomical and morphological traits. We provide further evidence that measurements of the plant metabolome, when combined with classical functional traits, improve our understanding of how the plants interact with their associated microbiomes. . Abstract: The physical mechanisms behind correlations of earth observations and remote sensing products are of vital importance. The socalled nearinfrared reflectance of vegetation NIRV and gross primary production GPP show high correlations among different ecosystems and temporal scales but the underlying relationship is still poorly understood. NIRV is defined as the product of normalized difference vegetation index NDVI and nearinfrared NIR canopy reflectance RNIR. We examined this relationship in the case of a temperate deciduous forest in Germany. GPP, RNIR and NIRV all exhibited a strong rise during leaf development in spring and a continual decline after the maximum in early summer. The decline of NIRV in late summer was mainly driven by the decline of RNIR, since NDVI remained saturated. Here we tested the RNIR decline attributions to changes in leaf area index, leaf optical properties, canopy structure, sunsensor geometry, or understory vegetation by measuring seasonal variations of those factors of the temperate deciduous forest. Leaf area was nearly constant between May and mid September, leaf albedo decreased slightly, leaf angles increased over time towards more vertical leaves, and understory reflectance decreased considerably. We simulated the seasonal RNIR decline of the forest using the radiative transfer model FRT and quantified the sensitivity of the decline to variations in the measured parameters. FRT captured well the observed seasonal RNIR decline by Sentinel 2 using the measured optical and structural properties. Decreasing understory reflectance alone explained 43% of the simulated RNIR decrease, while leaf angle variations explained 31%, the solar zenith angle SZA 21%, leaf albedo 7%, and LAI 0%. The effect size of the SZA depended on the viewing angle and would hence be different for different satellites and for local instruments. The results may help to better understand and help to track seasonal changes in forest structure and leaf optical properties using remote sensing techniques. They also suggest that the proposed link between the seasonal evolution of GPP and NIRV may be weaker than expected. . Abstract: Abstract Permafrost thaw is a major potential feedback source to climate change as it can drive the increased release of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide CO2 and methane CH4. This carbon release from the decomposition of thawing soil organic material can be mitigated by increased net primary productivity NPP caused by warming, increasing atmospheric CO2, and plant community transition. However, the net effect on C storage also depends on how these plant community changes alter plant litter quantity, quality, and decomposition rates. Predicting decomposition rates based on litter quality remains challenging, but a promising new way forward is to incorporate measures of the energetic favorability to soil microbes of plant biomass decomposition. We asked how the variation in one such measure, the nominal oxidation state of carbon NOSC, interacts with changing quantities of plant material inputs to influence the net C balance of a thawing permafrost peatland. We found: 1 Plant productivity NPP increased postthaw, but instead of contributing to increased standing biomass, it increased plant biomass turnover via increased litter inputs to soil; 2 Plant litter thermodynamic favorability NOSC and decomposition rate both increased postthaw, despite limited changes in bulk C:N ratios; 3 these increases caused the higher NPP to cycle more rapidlythrough both plants and soil, contributing to higher CO2 and CH4fluxes from decomposition. Thus, the increased Cstorage expected from higher productivity was limited and the high global warming potential of CH4 contributed a net positive warming effect. Although postthaw peatlands are currently C sinks due to high NPP offsetting high CO2 release, this status is very sensitive to the plant communitys litter input rate and quality. Integration of novel bioavailability metrics based on litter chemistry, including NOSC, into studies of ecosystem dynamics, is needed to improve the understanding of controls on arctic C stocks under continued ecosystem transition. . Abstract: Abstract Understanding the critical soil moisture SM threshold ?crit of plant water stress and land surface energy partitioning is a basis to evaluate drought impacts and improve models for predicting future ecosystem condition and climate. Quantifying the ?crit across biomes and climates is challenging because observations of surface energy fluxes and SM remain sparse. Here, we used the latest database of eddy covariance measurements to estimate ?crit across Europe by evaluating evaporative fraction EFSM relationships and investigating the covariance between vapor pressure deficit VPD and gross primary production GPP during SM drydown periods. We found that the ?crit and soil matric potential threshold in Europe are 16.5% and ?0.7MPa, respectively. Surface energy partitioning characteristics varied among different vegetation types; EF in savannas had the highest sensitivities to SM in waterlimited stage, and the lowest in forests. The sign of the covariance between daily VPD and GPP consistently changed from positive to negative during drydown across all sites when EF shifted from relatively high to low values. This sign of the covariance changed after longer period of SM decline in forests than in grasslands and savannas. Estimated ?crit from the VPD?GPP covariance method match well with the EF?SM method, showing this covariance method can be used to detect the ?crit. We further found that soil texture dominates the spatial variability of ?crit while shortwave radiation and VPD are the major drivers in determining the spatial pattern of EF sensitivities. Our results highlight for the first time that the sign change of the covariance between daily VPD and GPP can be used as an indicator of how ecosystems transition from energy to SM limitation. We also characterized the corresponding ?crit and its drivers across diverse ecosystems in Europe, an essential variable to improve the representation of water stress in land surface models. . Abstract: Abstract The terrestrial net ecosystem productivity NEP has increased during the past three decades, but the mechanisms responsible are still unclear. We analyzed 17years 2001?2017 of eddycovariance measurements of NEP, evapotranspiration ET and light and water use efficiency from a boreal coniferous forest in Southern Finland for trends and interannual variability IAV. The forest was a mean annual carbon sink 252 42 gC m2a1, and NEP increased at rate +6.4?7.0gC m2a1 or ca. +2.5% a1 during the period. This was attributed to the increasing grossprimary productivity GPP and occurred without detectable change in ET. The start of annual carbon uptake period was advanced by 0.7 d a1, and increase in GPP and NEP outside the main growing season contributed ca. onethird and onefourth of the annual trend, respectively. Meteorological factors were responsible for the IAV of fluxes but did not explain the longterm trends. The growing season GPP trend was strongest in ample light during the peak growing season. Using a multilayer ecosystem model, we showed that direct CO2 fertilization effect diminishes when moving from leaf to ecosystem, and only 30?40% of the observed ecosystem GPP increase could be attributed to CO2. The increasing trend in leafarea index LAI, stimulated by forest thinning in 2002, was the main driver of the enhanced GPP and NEP of the midrotation managed forest. It also compensated for the decrease of mean leaf stomatal conductance with increasing CO2 and LAI, explaining the apparent proportionality between observed GPP and CO2 trends. The results emphasize that attributing trends to their physical and physiological drivers is challenged by strong IAV, and uncertainty of LAI and species composition changes due to the dynamic flux footprint. The results enlighten the underlying mechanisms responsible for the increasing terrestrial carbon uptake in the boreal zone. . Abstract: Abstract Warming in the Arctic is predicted to change freshwater biodiversity through loss of unique taxa and northward range expansion of lower latitude taxa. Detecting such changes requires establishing circumpolar baselines for diversity, and understanding the primary drivers of diversity. We examined benthic macroinvertebrate diversity using a circumpolar dataset of >1,500 Arctic lake and river sites. Rarefied diversity within catchments was assessed along latitude and temperature gradients. Community composition was assessed through regionscale analysis of ? diversity and its components nestedness and turnover, and analysis of biotic?abiotic relationships. Rarefied diversity of lakes and rivers declined with increasing latitude, although more strongly across mainland regions than islands. Diversity was strongly related to air temperature, with the lowest diversity in the coldest catchments. Regional dissimilarity was highest when mainland regions were compared with islands, suggesting that connectivity limitations led to the strongest dissimilarity. High contributions of nestedness indicated that island regions contained a subset of the taxa found in mainland regions. High Arctic rivers and lakes were predominately occupied by Chironomidae and Oligochaeta, whereas Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera taxa were more abundant at lower latitudes. Community composition was strongly associated with temperature, although geology and precipitation were also important correlates. The strong association with temperature supports the prediction that warming will increase Arctic macroinvertebrate diversity, although low diversity on islands suggests that this increase will be limited by biogeographical constraints. Longterm harmonised monitoring across the circumpolar region is necessary to detect such changes to diversity and inform sciencebased management. . Abstract: Remote research stations are guarantor of highquality atmospheric measurements as they are essentially exposed to pristine air masses. However, in a context of increasing touristic pressure for certain sites, attention should be paid to the local anthropogenic emission related to the infrastructure itself. Among emissions, carbon dioxide CO2 is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas and a major contributor to the current global warming. Here, we compared two years of CO2 dry air mole fraction records from Jungfraujoch Swiss Alps measured at the Sphinx Laboratory 3580 m a.s.l.; JFJ and the East Ridge facility 3705 m a.s.l.; JER; horizontal distance of 1 km, respectively. Both stations show an overall increase of the annual mean CO2 mole fraction in line with current global trends. On a daily basis, values during the night 00h0006h00 show robust coherence with variability ranging within the measurement uncertainties matching the WMO compatibility goal of 0.1 ppm, which we considered to be background air CO2 mole fraction for Central and Western Europe. However, JFJ record shows superimposed shortterm variability with diurnal CO2 spikes centered around noon. Whereas the variability occurring during time intervals ranging from days to weeks seem to be driven by inputs of air masses from the planetary boundary layer, we suppose that the superimposed diurnal CO2 spikes occurring essentially in summer are explained by local emission sources related to the infrastructure visitors, tourism, etc. Nevertheless, we cannot point to a single triggering cause for those spikes as it probably results from a combination of factors. In order to minimize these local emissions, smooth collaboration between all the involved stakeholders is required. . Abstract: Terrestrial laser scanning TLS has been applied to estimate forest wood volume based on detailed 3D tree reconstructions from point cloud data. However, sources of uncertainties in the point cloud data alignment and scattering errors, occlusion, foliage and the reconstruction algorithm type and parameterisation are known to affect the reconstruction, especially around finer branches. To better understand the impacts of these uncertainties on the accuracy of TLSderived woody volume, highquality TLS scans were collected in leafoff conditions prior to destructive harvesting of two forestgrown common ash trees Fraxinus excelsior L.; diameter at breast height 28 cm, woody volume of 732 and 868 L. We manually measured branch diameters at 265 locations in these trees. Estimates of branch diameters and tree volume from Quantitative Structure Models QSM were compared with these manual measurements. The accuracy of QSM branch diameter estimates decreased with smaller branch diameters. Tree woody volume was overestimated +336 L and +392 L in both trees. Branches measuring < 5 cm in diameter accounted for 80% and 83% of this overestimation respectively. Filtering for scattering errors or improved coregistration approximately halved the overestimation. Range filtering and modified scanning layouts had mixed effects. The small branch overestimations originated primarily in limitations in scanner characteristics and coregistration errors rather than suboptimal QSM parameterisation. For TLSderived estimates of tree volume, a higher quality point cloud allows smaller branches to be accurately reconstructed. Additional experiments need to elucidate if these results can be generalised beyond the setup of this study. . Abstract: Boreal forest acts as a carbon sink and contributes to the formation of secondary organic aerosols via emission of aerosol precursor compounds. However, these influences on the climate system are poorly quantified. Here we show direct observational evidence that aerosol emissions from the boreal forest biosphere influence warm cloud microphysics and cloudaerosol interactions in a scaledependent and highly dynamic manner. Analyses of in situ and groundbased remotesensing observations from the SMEAR II station in Finland, conducted over eight months in 2014, reveal substantial increases in aerosol load over the forest one to three days after aerosolpoor marine air enters the forest environment. We find that these changes are consistent with secondary organic aerosol formation and, together with watervapour emissions from evapotranspiration, are associated with changes in the radiative properties of warm, lowlevel clouds. The feedbacks between boreal forest emissions and aerosolcloud interactions and the highly dynamic nature of these interactions in air transported over the forest over timescales of several days suggest boreal forests have the potential to mitigate climate change on a continental scale. Our findings suggest that even small changes in aerosol precursor emissions, whether due to changing climatic or anthropogenic factors, may substantially modify the radiative properties of clouds in moderately polluted environments. . Abstract: Summary Generalised dose?response curves are essential to understand how plants acclimate to atmospheric CO2. We carried out a metaanalysis of 630 experiments in which C3 plants were experimentally grown at different CO2 under relatively benign conditions, and derived dose?response curves for 85 phenotypic traits. These curves were characterised by form, plasticity, consistency and reliability. Considered over a range of 200?1200 mol mol?1 CO2, some traits more than doubled e.g. areabased photosynthesis; intrinsic wateruse efficiency, whereas others more than halved areabased transpiration. At current atmospheric CO2, 64% of the total stimulation in biomass over the 200?1200 mol mol?1 range has already been realised. We also mapped the trait responses of plants to CO2 against those we have quantified before for light intensity. For most traits, CO2 and light responses were of similar direction. However, some traits such as reproductive effort only responded to light, others such as plant height only to CO2, and some traits such as areabased transpiration responded in opposite directions. This synthesis provides a comprehensive picture of plant responses to CO2 at different integration levels and offers the quantitative dose?response curves that can be used to improve global change simulation models. . Abstract: On the mountains, along an elevation gradient, we generally observe an ample variation in temperature, with the associated difference in vegetation structure and composition and soil properties. With the aim of quantifying the relative importance of temperature, vegetation and edaphic properties on soil respiration SR, we investigated changes in SR along an elevation gradient 404 to 2101 m a.s.l in the southern slopes of the Alps in Northern Italy. We also analysed soil physicochemical properties, including soil organic carbon SOC and nitrogen N stocks, fine root C and N, litter C and N, soil bulk densities and soil pH at five forest sites, and also stand structural properties, including vegetation height, age and basal area. Our results indicated that SR rates increased with temperature in all sites, and 5576% of SR variability was explained by temperature. Annual cumulative SR, ranging between 0.651.40 kg C m2 yr1, decreased along the elevation gradient, while temperature sensitivity Q10 of SR increased with elevation. However, a high SR rate 1.27 kg C m2 yr1 an . Abstract: Both low soil water content SWC and high atmospheric dryness vapor pressure deficit, VPD can negatively affect terrestrial gross primary production GPP. The sensitivity of GPP to soil versus atmospheric dryness is difficult to disentangle, however, because of their covariation. Using global eddycovariance observations, here we show that a decrease in SWC is not universally associated with GPP reduction. GPP increases in response to decreasing SWC when SWC is high and decreases only when SWC is below a threshold. By contrast, the sensitivity of GPP to an increase of VPD is always negative across the full SWC range. We further find canopy conductance decreases with increasing VPD irrespective of SWC, and with decreasing SWC on drier soils. Maximum photosynthetic assimilation rate has negative sensitivity to VPD, and a positive sensitivity to decreasing SWC when SWC is high. Earth System Models underestimate the negative effect of VPD and the positive effect of SWC on GPP such that they should underestimate the GPP reduction due to increasing VPD in future climates. . author = Virkkala, A.M. and Natali, S M and Rogers, B M and Watts, J D and Savage, K and Connon, S J and Mauritz, M and Schuur, E A G and Peter, D and Minions, C and Nojeim, J and Commane, R and Emmerton, C A and Goeckede, M and Helbig, M and Holl, D and Iwata, H and Kobayashi, H and Kolari, P and LpezBlanco, E and Marushchak, M E and Mastepanov, M and Merbold, L and Parmentier, F.J. W and Peichl, M and Sachs, T and Sonnentag, O and Ueyama, M and Voigt, C and Aurela, M and Boike, J and Celis, G and Chae, N and Christensen, T R and BretHarte, M S and Dengel, S and Dolman, H and Edgar, C W and Elberling, B and Euskirchen, E and Grelle, A and Hatakka, J and Humphreys, E and Jrveoja, J and Kotani, A and Kutzbach, L and Laurila, T and Lohila, A and Mammarella, I and Matsuura, Y and Meyer, G and Nilsson, M B and Oberbauer, S F and Park, S.J. and Petrov, R and Prokushkin, A S and Schulze, C and St. Louis, V L and Tuittila, E.S. and Tuovinen, J.P. and Quinton, W and Varlagin, A and Zona, D and Zyryanov, V I, . Abstract: Abstract Radial stem growth dynamics at seasonal resolution are essential to understand how forests respond to climate change. We studied daily radial growth of 160 individuals of seven temperate tree species at 47sites across Switzerland over 8years. Growth of all species peaked in the early part of the growth season and commenced shortly before the summer solstice, but with speciesspecific seasonal patterns. Day length set a window of opportunity for radial growth. Within this window, the probability of daily growth was constrained particularly by air and soil moisture, resulting in intermittent growth to occur only on 29 to 77days 30% to 80% within the growth period. The number of days with growth largely determined annual growth, whereas the growth period length contributed less. We call for accounting for these nonlinear intraannual and speciesspecific growth dynamics in tree and forest models to reduce uncertainties in predictions under climate change. . Virkkala AM, Natali SM, Rogers BM, Watts JD, Savage K, Connon SJ, Mauritz M, Schuur EAG, Peter D, Minions C, Nojeim J, Commane R, Emmerton CA, Goeckede M, Helbig M, Holl D, Iwata H, Kobayashi H, Kolari P, LpezBlanco E, Marushchak ME, Mastepanov M, Merbold L, Parmentier FJW, Peichl M, Sachs T, Sonnentag O, Ueyama M, Voigt C, Aurela M, Boike J, Celis G, Chae N, Christensen TR, BretHarte MS, Dengel S, Dolman H, Edgar CW, Elberling B, Euskirchen E, Grelle A, Hatakka J, Humphreys E, Jrveoja J, Kotani A, Kutzbach L, Laurila T, Lohila A, Mammarella I, Matsuura Y, Meyer G, Nilsson MB, Oberbauer SF, Park SJ, Petrov R, Prokushkin AS, Schulze C, St. Louis VL, Tuittila ES, Tuovinen JP, Quinton W, Varlagin A, Zona D and Zyryanov VI 2022, The ABCflux database: Arcticboreal CO_2 flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems, Earth System Science Data. Vol. 141, pp. 179208. . author = Fu, Zheng and Ciais, Philippe and Makowski, David and Bastos, Ana and Stoy, Paul C and Ibrom, Andreas and Knohl, Alexander and Migliavacca, Mirco and Cuntz, Matthias and igut, Ladislav and Peichl, Matthias and Loustau, Denis and ElMadany, Tarek S and Buchmann, Nina and Gharun, Mana and Janssens, Ivan and Markwitz, Christian and Grnwald, Thomas and Rebmann, Corinna and Mlder, Meelis and Varlagin, Andrej and Mammarella, Ivan and Kolari, Pasi and Bernhofer, Christian and Heliasz, Michal and Vincke, Caroline and Pitacco, Andrea and Cremonese, Edoardo and Foltnov, Lenka and Wigneron, JeanPierre, . Fu Z, Ciais P, Makowski D, Bastos A, Stoy PC, Ibrom A, Knohl A, Migliavacca M, Cuntz M, igut L, Peichl M, Loustau D, ElMadany TS, Buchmann N, Gharun M, Janssens I, Markwitz C, Grnwald T, Rebmann C, Mlder M, Varlagin A, Mammarella I, Kolari P, Bernhofer C, Heliasz M, Vincke C, Pitacco A, Cremonese E, Foltnov L and Wigneron JP 2022, Uncovering the critical soil moisture thresholds of plant water stress for European ecosystems, Global Change Biology., mar, 2022. Vol. 286, pp. 21112123. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. . author = Lento, Jennifer and Culp, Joseph M and Levenstein, Brianna and Aroviita, Jukka and Baturina, Maria A and Bogan, Daniel and Brittain, John E and Chin, Krista and Christoffersen, Kirsten S and Docherty, Catherine and Friberg, Nikolai and Ingimarsson, Finnur and Jacobsen, Dean and Lau, Danny Chun Pong and Loskutova, Olga A and Milner, Alexander and Mykr, Heikki and Novichkova, Anna A and lafsson, Jn S and Schartau, Ann Kristin and Shaftel, Rebecca and Goedkoop, Willem, . Lento J, Culp JM, Levenstein B, Aroviita J, Baturina MA, Bogan D, Brittain JE, Chin K, Christoffersen KS, Docherty C, Friberg N, Ingimarsson F, Jacobsen D, Lau DCP, Loskutova OA, Milner A, Mykr H, Novichkova AA, lafsson JS, Schartau AK, Shaftel R and Goedkoop W 2022, Temperature and spatial connectivity drive patterns in freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity across the Arctic, Freshwater Biology., jan, 2022. Vol. 671, pp. 159175. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. . Varner RK, Crill PM, Frolking S, McCalley CK, Burke SA, Chanton JP, Holmes ME, null Null, Saleska S and Palace MW 2022, Permafrost thaw driven changes in hydrology and vegetation cover increase trace gas emissions and climate forcing in Stordalen Mire from 1970 to 2014, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences., jan, 2022. Vol. 3802215, pp. 20210022. Royal Society. . Hough M, McCabe S, Vining SR, Pickering Pedersen E, Wilson RM, Lawrence R, Chang KY, Bohrer G, Coordinators TI, Riley WJ, Crill PM, Varner RK, Blazewicz SJ, Dorrepaal E, Tfaily MM, Saleska SR and Rich VI 2022, Coupling plant litter quantity to a novel metric for litter quality explains C storage changes in a thawing permafrost peatland, Global Change Biology., feb, 2022. Vol. 283, pp. 950968. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. . Petj T, Tabakova K, Manninen A, Ezhova E, OConnor E, Moisseev D, Sinclair VA, Backman J, Levula J, Luoma K, Virkkula A, Paramonov M, Rty M, ijl M, Heikkinen L, Ehn M, Sipil M, YliJuuti T, Virtanen A, Ritsche M, Hickmon N, Pulik G, Rosenfeld D, Worsnop DR, Bck J, Kulmala M and Kerminen VM 2022, Influence of biogenic emissions from boreal forests on aerosolcloud interactions, Nature Geoscience. Vol. 151, pp. 4247. . author = Petj, T and Tabakova, K and Manninen, A and Ezhova, E and OConnor, E and Moisseev, D and Sinclair, V A and Backman, J and Levula, J and Luoma, K and Virkkula, A and Paramonov, M and Rty, M and ijl, M and Heikkinen, L and Ehn, M and Sipil, M and YliJuuti, T and Virtanen, A and Ritsche, M and Hickmon, N and Pulik, G and Rosenfeld, D and Worsnop, D R and Bck, J and Kulmala, M and Kerminen, V.M., . Sytiuk A, Crghino R, Hamard S, Delarue F, Guittet A, Barel JM, Dorrepaal E, Kttim M, Lamentowicz M, Pourrut B, Robroek BJM, Tuittila ES and Jassey VEJ 2022, Predicting the structure and functions of peatland microbial communities from Sphagnum phylogeny, anatomical and morphological traits and metabolites, Journal of Ecology., jan, 2022. Vol. 1101, pp. 8096. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. . author = Hough, Moira and McCabe, Samantha and Vining, S Rose and Pickering Pedersen, Emily and Wilson, Rachel M and Lawrence, Ryan and Chang, KuangYu and Bohrer, Gil and Coordinators, The IsoGenie and Riley, William J and Crill, Patrick M and Varner, Ruth K and Blazewicz, Steven J and Dorrepaal, Ellen and Tfaily, Malak M and Saleska, Scott R and Rich, Virginia I, . Abstract: Aerenchymous plants are an important control for methane efflux from peatlands to the atmosphere, providing a bypass from the anoxic peat and avoiding oxidation in the oxic peat. We aimed to quantify the drivers of aerenchymous peatland species methane transport and the importance of this process for ecosystemscale methane efflux. . Etzold S, Sterck F, Bose AK, Braun S, Buchmann N, Eugster W, Gessler A, Kahmen A, Peters RL, Vitasse Y, Walthert L, Ziemiska K and Zweifel R 2022, Number of growth days and not length of the growth period determines radial stem growth of temperate trees, Ecology Letters., feb, 2022. Vol. 252, pp. 427439. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. . Poorter H, Knopf O, Wright IJ, Temme AA, Hogewoning SW, Graf A, Cernusak LA and Pons TL 2022, A metaanalysis of responses of C3 plants to atmospheric CO2: doseresponse curves for 85 traits ranging from the molecular to the wholeplant level, New Phytologist., feb, 2022. Vol. 2334, pp. 15601596. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. . Vesala T, Kohonen KM, Kooijmans LMJ, Praplan AP, Foltnov L, Kolari P, Kulmala M, Bck J, Nelson D, Yakir D, Zahniser M and Mammarella I 2022, Longterm fluxes of carbonyl sulfide and their seasonality and interannual variability in a boreal forest, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. Vol. 224, pp. 25692584. . Affolter S, Schibig M, Berhanu T, Bukowiecki N, Steinbacher M, Nyfeler P, Hervo M, Lauper J and Leuenberger M 2021, Assessing local CO2 contamination revealed by two nearby high altitude records at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, Environmental Research Letters. Vol. 164, pp. 44037. IOP Publishing. . Badraghi A, Ventura M, Polo A, Borruso L, Giammarchi F and Montagnani L 2021, Soil respiration variation along an altitudinal gradient in the Italian Alps: Disentangling forest structure and temperature effects, PLOS ONE., aug, 2021. Vol. 168, pp. e0247893. Public Library of Science. . author = Sytiuk, Anna and Crghino, Rgis and Hamard, Samuel and Delarue, Frdric and Guittet, Amlie and Barel, Janna M and Dorrepaal, Ellen and Kttim, Martin and Lamentowicz, Mariusz and Pourrut, Bertrand and Robroek, Bjorn J M and Tuittila, EevaStiina and Jassey, Vincent E J, . Aslan T, Peltola O, Ibrom A, Nemitz E, Rannik and Mammarella I 2021, The highfrequency response correction of eddy covariance fluxes Part 2: An experimental approach for analysing noisy measurements of small fluxes, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. Vol. 147, pp. 50895106. . Rttger S, Rttger A, Grossi C, Vargas A, Karstens U, Cinelli G, Chung E, Kikaj D, Rennick C, Mertes F and Radulescu I 2022, Radon metrology for use in climate change observation and radiation protection at the environmental level, Advances in Geosciences. Vol. 57, pp. 3747. . Launiainen S, Katul GG, Lepp K, Kolari P, Aslan T, Grnholm T, Korhonen L, Mammarella I and Vesala T 2022, Does growing atmospheric CO2 explain increasing carbon sink in a boreal coniferous forest?, Global Change Biology., feb, 2022. Vol. n/an/a John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. . Rust D, Katharopoulos I, Vollmer MK, Henne S, ODoherty S, Say D, Emmenegger L, Zenobi R and Reimann S 2022, Swiss halocarbon emissions for 2019 to 2020 assessed from regional atmospheric observations, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. Vol. 224, pp. 24472466. . author = Etzold, Sophia and Sterck, Frank and Bose, Arun K and Braun, Sabine and Buchmann, Nina and Eugster, Werner and Gessler, Arthur and Kahmen, Ansgar and Peters, Richard L and Vitasse, Yann and Walthert, Lorenz and Ziemiska, Kasia and Zweifel, Roman, . Alekseychik P, Korrensalo A, Mammarella I, Launiainen S, Tuittila ES, Korpela I and Vesala T 2021, Carbon balance of a Finnish bog: temporal variability and limiting factors based on 6 years of eddycovariance data, Biogeosciences. Vol. 1816, pp. 46814704. . Hase N, Doktor D, Rebmann C, Dechant B, Mollenhauer H and Cuntz M 2022, Identifying the main drivers of the seasonal decline of nearinfrared reflectance of a temperate deciduous forest, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. Vol. 313, pp. 108746. . Fu Z, Ciais P, Prentice IC, Gentine P, Makowski D, Bastos A, Luo X, Green JK, Stoy PC, Yang H and Hajima T 2022, Atmospheric dryness reduces photosynthesis along a large range of soil water deficits, Nature Communications. Vol. 131, pp. 989. . ICOS related publications are publications that used ICOS data or knowledge based on ICOS data, or is based on science that is relevant for ICOS and to which persons from the large ICOS community have contributed. . author = Varner, Ruth K and Crill, Patrick M and Frolking, Steve and McCalley, Carmody K and Burke, Sophia A and Chanton, Jeffrey P and Holmes, M Elizabeth and null Null and Saleska, Scott and Palace, Michael W, . author = Fu, Zheng and Ciais, Philippe and Prentice, I Colin and Gentine, Pierre and Makowski, David and Bastos, Ana and Luo, Xiangzhong and Green, Julia K and Stoy, Paul C and Yang, Hui and Hajima, Tomohiro, . Demol M, Wilkes P, Raumonen P, Moorthy SM, Calders K, Gielen B and Verbeeck H 2022, Volumetric overestimation of small branches in 3D reconstructions of Fraxinus excelsior, Silva Fennica. Vol. 561, pp. 126. . author = Affolter, Stphane and Schibig, Michael and Berhanu, Tesfaye and Bukowiecki, Nicolas and Steinbacher, Martin and Nyfeler, Peter and Hervo, Maxime and Lauper, Jrg and Leuenberger, Markus, . author = Vesala, T and Kohonen, K.M. and Kooijmans, L M J and Praplan, A P and Foltnov, L and Kolari, P and Kulmala, M and Bck, J and Nelson, D and Yakir, D and Zahniser, M and Mammarella, I, . author = Launiainen, Samuli and Katul, Gabriel G and Lepp, Kersti and Kolari, Pasi and Aslan, Toprak and Grnholm, Tiia and Korhonen, Lauri and Mammarella, Ivan and Vesala, Timo, . Korrensalo A, Mammarella I, Alekseychik P, Vesala T and Tuittila ES 2022, Plant mediated methane efflux from a boreal peatland complex, Plant and Soil. Vol. 4711, pp. 375392. . author = Poorter, Hendrik and Knopf, Oliver and Wright, Ian J and Temme, Andries A and Hogewoning, Sander W and Graf, Alexander and Cernusak, Lucas A and Pons, Thijs L, . author = Rttger, S and Rttger, A and Grossi, C and Vargas, A and Karstens, U and Cinelli, G and Chung, E and Kikaj, D and Rennick, C and Mertes, F and Radulescu, I, . title = Predicting the structure and functions of peatland microbial communities from Sphagnum phylogeny, anatomical and morphological traits and metabolites, . title = Permafrost thaw driven changes in hydrology and vegetation cover increase trace gas emissions and climate forcing in Stordalen Mire from 1970 to 2014, . title = The ABCflux database: Arcticboreal CO_2 flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems, . title = The highfrequency response correction of eddy covariance fluxes Part 2: An experimental approach for analysing noisy measurements of small fluxes, . title = A metaanalysis of responses of C3 plants to atmospheric CO2: doseresponse curves for 85 traits ranging from the molecular to the wholeplant level, . author = Rust, D and Katharopoulos, I and Vollmer, M K and Henne, S and ODoherty, S and Say, D and Emmenegger, L and Zenobi, R and Reimann, S, . author = Demol, Miro and Wilkes, Phil and Raumonen, Pasi and Moorthy, Sruthi M.Krishna and Calders, Kim and Gielen, Bert and Verbeeck, Hans, . title = Coupling plant litter quantity to a novel metric for litter quality explains C storage changes in a thawing permafrost peatland, . author = Hase, Niklas and Doktor, Daniel and Rebmann, Corinna and Dechant, Benjamin and Mollenhauer, Hannes and Cuntz, Matthias, . author = Alekseychik, P and Korrensalo, A and Mammarella, I and Launiainen, S and Tuittila, E.S. and Korpela, I and Vesala, T, . title = Carbon balance of a Finnish bog: temporal variability and limiting factors based on 6 years of eddycovariance data, . title = Identifying the main drivers of the seasonal decline of nearinfrared reflectance of a temperate deciduous forest, . title = Temperature and spatial connectivity drive patterns in freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity across the Arctic, . title = Assessing local CO2 contamination revealed by two nearby high altitude records at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, . title = Number of growth days and not length of the growth period determines radial stem growth of temperate trees, . title = Radon metrology for use in climate change observation and radiation protection at the environmental level, . title = Longterm fluxes of carbonyl sulfide and their seasonality and interannual variability in a boreal forest, . journal = Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, . title = Uncovering the critical soil moisture thresholds of plant water stress for European ecosystems, . title = Swiss halocarbon emissions for 2019 to 2020 assessed from regional atmospheric observations, . title = Does growing atmospheric CO2 explain increasing carbon sink in a boreal coniferous forest?, . Jordan A, Schumacher M and ICOS CAL FCL 2022, ICOS CAL Quality Control Report 2021 ICOS CAL FCL. . title = Volumetric overestimation of small branches in 3D reconstructions of Fraxinus excelsior, . title = Atmospheric dryness reduces photosynthesis along a large range of soil water deficits, . author = Korrensalo, A and Mammarella, I and Alekseychik, P and Vesala, T and Tuittila, ES., . author = Aslan, T and Peltola, O and Ibrom, A and Nemitz, E and Rannik, and Mammarella, I, . title = Influence of biogenic emissions from boreal forests on aerosolcloud interactions, . Please upload your additional ICOS related publications through the upload form. . This list is updated only a few times per year. Last update: 22 March 2022. . title = Plant mediated methane efflux from a boreal peatland complex, . author = Jordan, Armin and Schumacher, Marcus and ICOS CAL FCL, . journal = Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, . title = ICOS CAL Quality Control Report 2021, . journal = Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, . journal = Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, . Behind the scenes: Fieldwork at ICOS stations . FLUXES, The European Greenhouse Gas Bulletin . journal = Environmental Research Letters, . journal = Earth System Science Data, . ICOS in scientific publications ICOS . publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, . journal = Advances in Geosciences, . journal = Global Change Biology, . journal = Nature Communications, . Head Office & Central Facilities . Central Analytical Laboratories . How to use the ICOS Data Portal . ICOS in scientific publications . journal = Freshwater Biology, . journal = Journal of Ecology, . journal = Nature Geoscience, . publisher = IOP Publishing, . 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ICOS Carbon Portal, through the Lund University, is responsible for the work package 6. The work package will perform two surveys to index and stimulate the development of a monitoring and verification system for the carbon dioxide fluxes from the urban environment. The first survey will explore the current status and expert opinion on the development path for such a system. The second phase will use the information gathered to inform stakeholders in cities, regions and states, and maps their interests and thoughts on the implementation of such a system on their city and/or cities of interest. This helps to validate the implementation progress of the emission reductions as agreed on the basis of the Paris Agreement, and feeds into the socalled stocktake process that will start in 2028. . ICOS is in charge of the work package on Observations and contributes to several other work packages. The Observations work package will further elaborate on the content of the EUs Green Report to provide more detailed information on the insitu requirements of the Copernicus anthropogenic CO2 emissions Monitoring and Verification Support CO2MVS versus current capabilities. The work package will also come with recommendations for the technical requirements for a data pipeline to connect the relevant data streams with the operational data assimilation system and implement a protype. Finally, ICOS will lead the investigation of the potential new measurement techniques and instruments to fill current gaps. . TraceRadon, Radon metrology for use in climate change observation and radiation protection at the environmental level, is an EMPIR project that will provide the necessary measurement infrastructure and use the data that it generates to apply the Radon Tracer Method RTM. RTM is important for greenhouse gas emission estimates that support national reporting under the Paris Agreement on climate change. The main goal of the project is to establish metrological traceability for lowlevel outdoor radon activity concentrations measurements, which is also a recommended measurement parameter at the ICOS atmosphere stations, and radon flux measurements. . ICOS will also contribute to delivering an effective TransNational Virtual Access TNAVA Programme, developing a sustainable future framework for access to atmospheric RIs both at the national and European level, as well as contribute to providing a virtual access VA to new crossRI online data, computing and training services that involve the leading European atmospheric RI data hubs. ICOS also contributes to communications activities by supporting the dissemination of project results, and leading the delivery of the recommendations and best practices on the communications strategies implemented for the pilot access calls. . The special Science Clusters will commit to EOSC Future to enhance the participation of scientists in the implementation and exploitation of EOSC and to help them in the uptake of open science through EOSC. The Science Clusters in EOSC Future will provide examples of how shared projects can address major challenges for Europes excellent science and societies and how research infrastructures can align to support Horizon Europes missions within the EOSC. They will also serve as advocates for the advanced capabilities of EOSC when combining the IT technical power of the eInfrastructures with the Science Cluster communities. . ENVRIFAIR is an EU Horizon 2020 project. Its overarching goal is that at the end of this project, all participating ENVRI Research Infrastructures have built a set of FAIR Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable data services. Such development will enhance the efficiency and productivity of researchers, support innovation and connect the ENVRI Cluster to the European Open Science Cloud EOSC. Last but not least, it will enable data and knowledgebased decisions to answer the challenges the Earth and our society are facing. . COOP+ Cooperation of Research Infrastructures to address global challenges in the environmental field was an Horizon 2020 project whose general goal was to strengthen the links and coordination of the European RIs related to Marine Science EMSO, Arctic and Atmospheric Research EISCAT, Carbon Observation ICOS and Biodiversity LifeWatch with international counterparts NEON, TERN, AMISR/SRI, CGSM, OOI, INPA/LBA, IMOS, OCN, AMERIFLUX, etc. and to leverage international scientific cooperation and data exchange with nonEU countries. . ICOS ERIC coordinated this 15M EUR project with 42 partners representing 22 RIs. ICOS ERIC, together with its partner universities also led several WPs and tasks in the project e.g. development of the white paper proposing the integration of RIs in environmental field, coordination of ENVRIplus project and ENVRI community communications, work on research Infrastructure data identification and citation services, and last but not least, contributed to work on technical solutions for the environmental RIs. . The EU Horizon 2020 project Solutions for Sustainable Access to Atmospheric Research Facilities ATMOACCESS is the organised response of distributed atmospheric research facilities for developing a pilot for a new model of Integrating Activities. The project will deliver a series of recommendations for establishing a comprehensive and sustainable framework for access to distributed atmospheric Research Infrastructures RIs, ensuring integrated access to and optimised use of the services they provide. . The EU Horizon 2020 project Copernicus evolution Research activities in support of a European operational monitoring support capacity for fossil fuel CO2 emissions CoCO2 continues the work of the CO2 Human Emissions CHE project. The main objective of the project is to perform Research and Development R&D activities identified as a need in the CHE project. The project will sustain the development of a European capacity for monitoring humancaused anthropogenic carbon dioxide CO2 emissions. . The project impacted strongly in the Copernicus Monitoring and Verification Support MVS and the European Open Science Cloud EOSC. RINGO contributed to the development of ICOS capacity for fasttracking ICOS knowledge transfer e.g. the study on the 2018 drought, and contributed to ICOS readiness for European Unions Green Deal goals that support the development of urban greenhouse gas GHG observatories. RINGO also provided a valuable approach for the fiveyear evaluation of ICOS. . ICOS contributes to all the work packages and leads the communications and outreach of the project. This includes external communication, as well as linking the project to the European Open Science Cloud EOSC data clusters for dissemination and exchange of needs. Overall, the project aims to communicate for a wide range of stakeholders to share the wealth of knowledge and best practices for the mutual benefit of the European Research Infrastructures and Core Facilities. . The Readiness of ICOS for Necessities of Integrated Global Observations, RINGO project contributed significantly to the overall readiness and the longterm sustainability of ICOS research infrastructure. With its 43 partners in 19 countries, RINGO boosted ICOS research infrastructures scientific, geographical, technological, data, as well as political and administrative readiness. The project was coordinated by the ICOS European Research Infrastructure Consortium ERIC. . ICOS, together with other environmental European research infrastructures LifeWatch and SeaDataNet, will represent the Environmental Research Infrastructure ENVRI community of the ENVRIFAIR cluster project to setup two Test Science Projects. One of the project will concentrate on biodiversity and the other one aims to develop a dashboard on the State of the Environment that will link and bridge from EOSC to all relevant information from the Clusters infrastructures. . ICOS ERIC was in charge of the work package dedicated to environmental sciences. With the survey of the major infrastructures and initiatives outside of Europe, ICOS established a description of potential cooperation partners for the European. Some key features common to all RIs or specific to some of them were highlighted. The information gathered will be critical when ICOS engages in new international cooperation opportunities. . The Data Infrastructure Capacities for EOSC DICE EU Horizon 2020 project brings together a network of computing and data centres, research infrastructures, and data repositories which propose to enable a European storage and data management infrastructure for the European Open Science Cloud EOSC, providing generic services and building blocks to store, find, access, and process data in a consistent and persistent way. . ICOS contributes to several work packages, e.g. through the Ecosystem Thematic Center for the development of verification methods for terrestrial CO2 sources, the Carbon Portal for the preparation of a prototype for an international GHG monitoring and verification system and sinks and carbon stocks, or through the Head Office to promote the input of VERIFY to international programs and society like UNFCCC. . ICOS ERIC leads one and contributes to three other work packages of the project. With ICOS ERICs lead, Work Package 5 aims to offer common interoperable cloud services across the atmospheric RIs. The goal is to build on the joint specific expertise of the different RIs and make use of the commonalities of requirements for data analysis and data needs identified for the users of the atmospheric RIs. . SITES is a Swedish national infrastructure for terrestrial and limnological field research. It contributes to longterm, fieldbased ecosystem research by offering an infrastructure and competence to attract and support Swedish as well as international researchers. The data management system, which supports the collection and storing of field data, is developed in parallel with the ICOS data system. . The project brought together the Europes major research infrastructures in environmental sciences; EISCAT, EPOS, LifeWATCH, EMSO, and ICOS, with parallel research infrastructure projects in the US; the NSF funded projects; AMISR, EARTHSCOPE, DataONE, OOI and NEON. The project developed measurements interoperability, reducing their uncertainty and stimulating future common EUUS research activities. . EOSChub was an EU H2020 project which contributed to the European Open Science Cloud EOSC implementation to enable seamless and open access to a system of research data and services provided across nations and multiple disciplines. Within the project, ICOS formed a competence center on the management of measurement station information together with the eLTER Research Infrastructure. . DANUBIUSPP was an EU Horizon 2020 project to raise DANUBIUSRI the International Centre for Advanced Studies on RiverSea Systems to the legal, financial and technical maturity required for successful implementation and development. ICOS ERIC contributed to project management and coordination, architecture, capacity building, as well as dissemination and communication work packages. . EOSC Future project will aggregate services provided by research infrastructures, einfrastructures, science clusters and research organisations to leverage, enhance, expand, integrate and optimise the outputs of past and current European Open Science Cloud EOSC projects: these include EOSChub, OpenAIREAdvance, EOSCEnhance, Science Cluster projects, and the INFRAEOSC07 projects. . EOSCpilot supported the first phase in the development of the European Open Science Cloud EOSC. The project will improve the ability to reuse data resources and provide an important step towards building a dependable opendata research environment where data from publicly funded research is always open and clear incentives and rewards for the sharing of data and resources exist. . ICOS was involved in many work packages related to the technical requirements of the network, the curation of the data and the costs of the whole Research Infrastructure. ICOS has set up a highlevel dialog platform that gathered African and European major stakeholders contributing to the implementation and the sustainability of the observational network proposed in the project. . SEACRIFOG Supporting EUAfrican Cooperation on Research Infrastructures for Food Security and Greenhouse Gas Observations was an EU Horizon 2020 project that aimed to design a continental GHG observation network for Africa. By bridging Research Infrastructures in Europe and Africa, it also aimed to enhance technical competence, science awareness and lifelong learning in Africa. . ENVRIplus was an EU Horizon 2020 project bringing together Environmental and Earth System Research Infrastructures, projects and networks along with technical specialist partners to create a more coherent, interdisciplinary and interoperable cluster of Environmental Research Infrastructures across Europe. ENVRIFAIR project 20192022 builds on the ENVRIplus project. . ICOS, represented by the ERIC and its several partner universities, coordinate project communications and community building activities, leads development of community standards and service catalogue, coordinates the FAIR training activities, and last but not least, colead the implementation of ecosystem & biodiversity subdomain working group. . ICOS Carbon Portal contributes to the project together with national metrological institutes and other scientific partners by updating the processbased radon flux map for geographical Europe to cover more recent time periods and to increase the temporal resolution from monthly to daily fluxes. . The project developed new tools to improve European and global monitoring of greenhouse gas GHG concentrations and fluxes. It has enabled the provision of GHG data by merging new, insitu GHG observations and surface remote sensing to validate satellite retrievals and data assimilation results. . ICOS ERIC contributes to several work packages of the ERIC Forum project, where ICOS has tasked to publish an online toolbox to share the best practices, develop socioeconomic impact assessment practises, and to support the work package on operations, administration, HR and finance of ERICs. . ICOS Carbon Portal contributes to the integration of DICEoffered data services, such as B2SAFE, B2ACCESS and B2FIND, with its community platforms and the community inversion benchmarking tool for atmospheric inversion of ICOS data to reduce uncertainties in greenhouse gas emission data. . During the RINGO project, ICOS implementation or so called Readiness Level, a reference grid established by the European Commission to reflect the European research infrastructures stages of development along their lifecycles, matured from the Readiness Level 4 to the Level 5. . The CO2 Human Emissions CHE EU H2020 project explored the development of a European system to monitor human activity related carbon dioxide CO2 emissions across the world. Such capacity is vital to support Europes leading role in worldwide action to address climate change. . The Research Infrastructure Training Plus RItrainPlus is an EU Horizon 2020 project which will design and deliver a training programme to fulfill the competency requirements for the current and future managers of European Research Infrastructures and Core Facilities. . ERIC Forum Implementation Project is an EU Horizon 2020 project that brings together 20 established European Research Infrastructure Consortia ERICs and three ERICs in preparation to strengthen their coordination and enhance collaborations between the partners. . EUDAT2020 brought together a unique consortium of einfrastructure providers, research infrastructure operators, and researchers from a wide range of scientific disciplines under several of the ESFRI themes, working together to address the new data challenge. . The role of ICOS in eshape project is to coordinate Climate pilot 1. Global Carbon and GHG Emissions GCGE. The purpose of GCGE is to develop services based on Earth Observations and insitu measurements for terrestrial and ocean domains. . European Research Infrastructures in the International Landscape RISCAPE was an EU Horizon 2020funded project to map the international landscape of Research Infrastructures RIs, in particular in respect to the major European RIs. . We are taking part in several European and international projects. Currently, ICOS ERIC is coordinating the ICOSCities project, also known as PAUL. Read more about its aim to develop greenhouse gas measurements in urban areas! . The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service CAMS provides consistent and qualitycontrolled information related to air pollution and health, solar energy, greenhouse gases and climate forcing, everywhere in the world. . Eshape is an initiative that brings together decades of public investment in Earth Observation and in cloud capabilities into services for the decisionmakers, the citizens, the industry and the researchers. . ICOS, represented by University of Helsinki and Finnish Meteorological Institute, was active in several work packages addressing several important questions regarding RIs and their cooperation with US. . The COINS, Copernicus Observations In Situ, is a specific contract project coordinated by the European Economic Area EEA to support the development of the Copernicus in situ component. . VERIFY is an EU Horizon 2020 project that aims to provide a preoperational, observationbased system for the monitoring and verification of greenhouse gases. . ENVRI was a project focusing on the implementation of common solutions for a cluster of ESFRI infrastructures in the field of Environmental Sciences. . Science success story: How ICOS data helps Saqr Munassar to overcome uncertainties in atmospheric greenhouse gas measurements within his PhD project . ICOS was participating the ENVRI as one case study. ENVRIplus which started in 2015, builded up on the ENVRI project. . We participate in many external projects which in turn help us to be a cuttingedge research infrastructure. . ICOS contact persons: Ute Karstens ute.karstens at nateko.lu.se and Leo Rivier leo.rivier at lsce.ipsl.fr . News article: Location, location, location: detecting greenhouse gas emissions in Africa . ICOS contact person:Laurent Chmiel and Karlina Ozolina communications at envrifair.eu . ICOS contact persons:Laurent Chmiel and Karlina Ozolinacommunications at envrifair.eu . ICOS contributed to the governance, policy and EOSC interoperability work packages. . ICOS contact person: EviCarita Riikonen, evicarita.riikonen at icosri.eu . ICOS contact person: Sindu Raj Parampil, sindu.parampil at icosri.eu . ICOS contact person: Ville Kasurinen, ville.kasurinen at icosri.eu . ICOS contact person: Emmanuel Salmon, emmanuel.salmon at icosri.eu . Communications contact:Katri Ahlgren, katri.ahlgren at icosri.eu . ICOS contact person: Katri Ahlgren, katri.ahlgren at icosri.eu . ICOS contact person: Alex Vermeulenalex.vermeulenat icosri.eu . Read more about the other projects we are involved in: . News: ICOS contributes to new projects in 2021 . Behind the scenes: Fieldwork at ICOS stations . FLUXES, The European Greenhouse Gas Bulletin . Report for environmental sciences.pdf . Central Analytical Laboratories CAL . Funders & participating institutes . Head Office & Central Facilities . Central Analytical Laboratories . How to use the ICOS Data Portal . ICOS in scientific publications . Atmosphere Thematic Centre ATC . Ecosystem Thematic Centre ETC . Forecast of backtrajectories . ICOS contribution to science . The complete RISCAPE reports . Organisation and governance . STILT results visualisation . Raw data submission heatmap . Science done with ICOS data . #ICOScapes Photo Exhibition . Skip to main content . Cart My Account Log in . Atmosphere Thematic Centre . STILT on demand calculator . Final RINGO project report . Benefits of being in ICOS . Ecosystem Thematic Centre . Education related to ICOS . Central Facility websites . Ocean Thematic Centre OTC . Nextcloud ICOS Fileshare . Station labelling status . ICOS Summer School 2023 . Data collection process . Data levels and quality . Science success stories . Technology & innovation . Science Conference 2022 . ICOS impact to society . Carbon Portal webinars . ICOS member countries . Process for countries . Ocean Thematic Centre . Upload to Data Portal . Reports and documents . Process for stations . Global Carbon Budget . > ICOSCities project . ICOS on social media . ICOS in a nutshell . ICOS Summer School . Main Data Products . Logo and templates . Structure of ICOS . Join ICOS network . ICOS data license . ICOS Cities Talks . Co2ffee with ICOS . About & contacts . Invite a speaker . Give us feedback . ICOS Data Portal . Science & Impact . Data & Services . Projects ICOS . News & events . On this page: . . . ICOS Summer SchoolICOS Summer School . Head Office & Central Facilities . Data & Services . Main Data Products . Upload to Data Portal . Science & ImpactICOS . Global Carbon BudgetICOS . The European Greenhouse Gas BulletinTechnology & . Science Conference 2022ICOS Cities Talks . atmospheric Research Infrastructures . Work Package 5 . TransNational Virtual Access TNAVA Programme . the CO2 Human Emissions CHE . Research and Development . Copernicus Observations In Situ . the European Economic Area EEA . ICOS Carbon Portal . the Lund University . The Data Infrastructure Capacities for EOSC DICE . the European Open Science Cloud EOSC . ENVRI Research Infrastructures . The Science Clusters in EOSC Future . the Environmental Research Infrastructure . Test Science Projects . the State of the Environment . ERIC Forum Implementation Project . European Research Infrastructure Consortia . GHG Emissions GCGE . The Research Infrastructure Training Plus . European Research Infrastructures . the European Research Infrastructures . the Ecosystem Thematic Center . the Carbon Portal . the Head Office . Cooperation of Research Infrastructures . Marine Science EMSO . Carbon Observation ICOS and . University of Helsinki and . Finnish Meteorological Institute . The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service CAMS . the International Centre for Advanced Studies . Environmental and Earth System Research Infrastructures . Environmental Research Infrastructures . the eLTER Research Infrastructure . The Readiness of ICOS for Necessities of Integrated Global Observations . the ICOS European Research Infrastructure Consortium ERIC . the European Commission . the Copernicus Monitoring and Verification Support MVS . Atmosphere Thematic Centre ATC . Ocean Thematic Centre . Central Analytical Laboratories . Nextcloud ICOS Fileshare .